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Bioactive Properties of the Microwave-Assisted Olive Leaf Extract and Its Incorporation into a Whey Protein Isolate Coating of Semi-Hard Cheese

Posted on April 25, 2025Updated on April 25, 2025by jmadunicCategories:Publications

Authors: Elizabeta Zandona, Maja Vukelić, Karla Hanousek Čiča, Antonio Zandona, Jasna Mrvčić, Maja Katalinić, Ines Cindrić, Almir Abdurramani, Irena Barukčić Jurina

Abstract
The food industry generates large quantities of biowaste, including olive (Olea europaea L.) leaves, which are rich in phenolic compounds with proven antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. In this study, a microwave-assisted olive leaf extract was produced and evaluated. Antioxidant potential (20.23 ± 0.31 µmol TE g−1), antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 17.62 mg GAE g−1), and cytotoxic effects in breast (MDA-MB-231 (IC50 = 38.9 ± 1.8 µg mL−1), MCF-7 (IC50 = 58.9 ± 5.4 µg mL−1) and prostate cancer PC-3 (IC50 = 69.2 ± 7.6 µg mL−1) cell models were confirmed. Further, the extract was incorporated into a whey protein isolate (WPI) edible coating mixture and applied to semi-hard cheese over a 60-day ripening period. When applied to cheese, WPI-based coatings enriched with OLE contributed to an improved antioxidant potential (289.79 ± 16.16 µmol TE L−1), elevated retention of total phenols and flavonoids, and slightly reduced microbial growth without compromising cheese safety. Compared to the uncoated control, coated samples showed higher total solids (up to 62.87 ± 0.13%, CWPIM) and fat contents (up to 26.59 ± 0.17%, CWPIM), moderated proteolysis (WSN in CWPIM: 3.15 ± 0.09% vs. 4.48 ± 0.02% in C0), maintained cohesiveness and resilience compared to the control, and exhibited less pronounced color deviation (ΔE) in some coated samples during ripening. These results highlight the potential of olive leaf extract as a bioactive, sustainable ingredient for functional edible coatings that improve the nutritional, technological, and microbiological quality of ripened cheese.

The article is available at the following link.

jmadunic

Financira Europska unija – NextGenerationEU. Izneseni stavovi i mišljenja samo su autorova i ne odražavaju nužno službena stajališta Europske unije ili Europske komisije. Ni Europska unija ni Europska komisija ne mogu se smatrati odgovornima za njih.

Funded by the European Union – NextGenerationEU. The views and opinions expressed are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official positions of the European Union or the European Commission. Neither the European Union nor the European Commission can be held responsible for them.

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