Bee Venom: Composition and Anticancer Properties

Authors: Goran Gajski, Elina Leonova, Nikolajs Sjakste

Abstract
Among the various natural compounds used in alternative and Oriental medicine, toxins isolated from different organisms have had their application for many years, and Apis mellifera venom has been studied the most extensively. Numerous studies dealing with the positive assets of bee venom (BV) indicated its beneficial properties. The usage of bee products to prevent the occurrence of diseases and for their treatment is often referred to as apitherapy and is based mainly on the experience of the traditional system of medical practice in diverse ethnic communities. Today, a large number of studies are focused on the antitumor effects of BV, which are mainly attributed to its basic polypeptide melittin (MEL). Previous studies have indicated that BV and its major constituent MEL cause a strong toxic effect on different cancer cells, such as liver, lung, bladder, kidney, prostate, breast, and leukemia cells, while a less pronounced effect was observed in normal non-target cells. Their proposed mechanisms of action, such as the effect on proliferation and growth inhibition, cell cycle alterations, and induction of cell death through several cancer cell death mechanisms, are associated with the activation of phospholipase A2 (PLA2), caspases, and matrix metalloproteinases that destroy cancer cells. Numerous cellular effects of BV and MEL need to be elucidated on the molecular level, while the key issue has to do with the trigger of the apoptotic cascade. Apoptosis could be either a consequence of the plasmatic membrane fenestration or the result of the direct interaction of the BV components with pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic factors. The interaction of BV peptides and enzymes with the plasma membrane is a crucial step in the whole process. However, before its possible application as a remedy, it is crucial to identify the correct route of exposure and dosage of BV and MEL for potential therapeutic use as well as potential side effects on normal cells and tissues to avoid any possible adverse event.

The article is available at the following link.

1,158 thoughts on “Bee Venom: Composition and Anticancer Properties

  1. farmainstant.com tu farmacia online al instante salt: Confia Pharma – opiniones de farmacia yanguas 24h pamplona | envГ­os pedidos online en 2 horas

  2. Can you be more specific about the content of your article? After reading it, I still have some doubts. Hope you can help me.

  3. Excellent blog you have here.. It’s difficult to find quality
    writing like yours these days. I honestly appreciate people like you!
    Take care!!
    snatch

  4. I’m not sure why but this website is loading extremely slow for me.
    Is anyone else having this problem or is it a issue on my end?
    I’ll check back later and see if the problem still exists.

    bet9ja

  5. Woah! I’m really enjoying the template/theme of this website.

    It’s simple, yet effective. A lot of times it’s very hard
    to get that “perfect balance” between usability and visual appearance.

    I must say that you’ve done a superb job with this.
    In addition, the blog loads extremely fast for me on Safari.
    Outstanding Blog!
    https://ea-sports-de.com

  6. Hiya very cool web site!! Man .. Beautiful ..
    Superb .. I will bookmark your web site and take the feeds also?
    I am happy to seek out so many useful information here in the post, we’d
    like develop more techniques on this regard, thank
    you for sharing. . . . . .
    darkorbit

  7. It’s not my first time to pay a quick visit this web page, i am browsing this site dailly and obtain fastidious information from here every day.

    seven

  8. I’m extremely inspired along with your writing abilities and also with the structure for your weblog.
    Is this a paid theme or did you customize it yourself?
    Anyway keep up the nice high quality writing, it’s rare to peer a great blog like this one these days..

    https://boomerang-bet-de.com

  9. Pretty section of content. I just stumbled upon your site and in accession capital to assert that I acquire
    in fact enjoyed account your blog posts. Anyway I will be subscribing to your
    feeds and even I achievement you access consistently quickly.

    rembrandt

  10. Thanks for another excellent post. The place
    else could anybody get that kind of info in such a perfect method of writing?
    I’ve a presentation subsequent week, and I am on the search for such info.

    https://1win-de88.com

  11. Thanks for finally writing about > Bee Venom: Composition and Anticancer Properties –
    BioMolTox < Liked it!
    sg

  12. I really love your site.. Very nice colors & theme.

    Did you create this amazing site yourself? Please reply back as I’m looking to
    create my own personal site and would like to
    find out where you got this from or just what the theme is called.
    Cheers!
    https://quickwin-de88.com

  13. I’m extremely impressed with your writing skills as well as with the layout on your weblog.
    Is this a paid theme or did you customize it yourself?
    Anyway keep up the excellent quality writing, it is rare to see a nice blog like this one nowadays.

    https://westcasino-de88.com

  14. My partner and I absolutely love your blog and find nearly all of your post’s to be exactly I’m looking for.
    Would you offer guest writers to write content
    in your case? I wouldn’t mind producing a post or elaborating on some of the subjects you write concerning
    here. Again, awesome blog!
    viggoslots

  15. Aw, this was an exceptionally good post. Finding the time and actual
    effort to produce a really good article… but what can I
    say… I put things off a lot and never manage to get anything done.

    yandex

  16. Just desire to say your article is as astounding.
    The clearness to your submit is just excellent
    and that i could think you’re an expert in this subject. Fine together with your permission allow me to grasp your feed
    to keep updated with impending post. Thanks 1,000,000 and please continue the gratifying work.

    PSM Makassar

  17. What i don’t realize is in truth how you are not actually a lot more
    neatly-appreciated than you may be now. You’re so intelligent.
    You already know therefore considerably in terms of this subject, made me individually believe it from
    a lot of varied angles. Its like women and men don’t seem to be involved until it is something
    to accomplish with Woman gaga! Your own stuffs great.
    All the time deal with it up!
    Persija Jakarta

  18. Good day! I could have sworn I’ve visited this website before but after
    browsing through a few of the articles I realized it’s new to me.

    Nonetheless, I’m certainly happy I discovered it and I’ll be book-marking it
    and checking back frequently!
    https://11bet-vn.com

  19. I’ll right away grasp your rss feed as I can not find your email subscription link or e-newsletter service. Do you’ve any? Kindly permit me recognize in order that I may subscribe. Thanks.

  20. I will immediately take hold of your rss feed as I can’t in finding your e-mail subscription hyperlink or e-newsletter service. Do you have any? Kindly permit me recognize so that I may just subscribe. Thanks.

  21. It’s appropriate time to make some plans for the future and it is time to be happy. I have read this post and if I could I wish to suggest you few interesting things or suggestions. Perhaps you can write next articles referring to this article. I wish to read even more things about it!

  22. It is the best time to make some plans for the future and it’s time to be happy. I have read this post and if I could I wish to suggest you some interesting things or advice. Perhaps you could write next articles referring to this article. I desire to read even more things about it!

  23. It is the best time to make some plans for the future and it’s time to be happy. I have read this post and if I could I wish to suggest you few interesting things or tips. Maybe you can write next articles referring to this article. I wish to read even more things about it!

  24. It’s perfect time to make some plans for the future and it is time to be happy. I have read this post and if I could I wish to suggest you some interesting things or tips. Maybe you can write next articles referring to this article. I want to read more things about it!

  25. It’s really very difficult in this busy life to listen news on TV, therefore I simply use web for
    that purpose, and obtain the newest information.
    bk8

  26. It’s the best time to make some plans for the future and it is time to be happy. I’ve read this post and if I could I desire to suggest you few interesting things or tips. Maybe you could write next articles referring to this article. I wish to read more things about it!

  27. These are actually great ideas in regarding blogging. You have touched some good factors here. Any way keep up wrinting.

  28. Woah! I’m really enjoying the template/theme of this website. It’s simple, yet effective. A lot of times it’s challenging to get that “perfect balance” between usability and appearance. I must say you’ve done a great job with this. Also, the blog loads super quick for me on Chrome. Exceptional Blog!

  29. Hey there would you mind stating which blog platform you’re working with? I’m looking to start my own blog soon but I’m having a difficult time selecting between BlogEngine/Wordpress/B2evolution and Drupal. The reason I ask is because your design and style seems different then most blogs and I’m looking for something unique.

  30. Hello! Someone in my Myspace group shared this site with us so I came to look it over. I’m definitely enjoying the information. I’m bookmarking and will be tweeting this to my followers! Terrific blog and brilliant design.

  31. Thank you for the auspicious writeup. It in fact was a amusement account it. Look advanced to far added agreeable from you! However, how can we communicate?

  32. Thank you for the auspicious writeup. It in fact was a amusement account it. Look advanced to far added agreeable from you! By the way, how can we communicate?

  33. Thank you for the good writeup. It in fact was a amusement account it. Look advanced to more added agreeable from you! By the way, how can we communicate?

  34. Thank you for the auspicious writeup. It in fact was a amusement account it. Look advanced to far added agreeable from you! However, how could we communicate?

  35. I enjoy what you guys are usually up too. Such clever work and exposure! Keep up the fantastic works guys I’ve incorporated you guys to my personal blogroll.

  36. Outstanding post however , I was wondering if you could write a litte more on this topic?
    I’d be very thankful if you could elaborate a little bit more.
    Thanks!
    leao

  37. Howdy just wanted to give you a quick heads up. The text in your article seem to be running off the screen in Safari. I’m not sure if this is a formatting issue or something to do with browser compatibility but I figured I’d post to let you know. The design look great though! Hope you get the issue fixed soon. Kudos

  38. Hey just wanted to give you a quick heads up. The words in your content seem to be running off the screen in Opera. I’m not sure if this is a formatting issue or something to do with web browser compatibility but I figured I’d post to let you know. The design look great though! Hope you get the problem resolved soon. Cheers

  39. Hello just wanted to give you a quick heads up. The words in your post seem to be running off the screen in Firefox. I’m not sure if this is a format issue or something to do with web browser compatibility but I thought I’d post to let you know. The layout look great though! Hope you get the problem fixed soon. Many thanks

  40. I really like what you guys are usually up too. This sort of clever work and exposure! Keep up the wonderful works guys I’ve added you guys to my personal blogroll.

  41. Everyone loves what you guys are up too. This kind of clever work and exposure! Keep up the terrific works guys I’ve included you guys to blogroll.

  42. Hi there just wanted to give you a quick heads up. The text in your post seem to be running off the screen in Chrome. I’m not sure if this is a format issue or something to do with internet browser compatibility but I figured I’d post to let you know. The design look great though! Hope you get the problem fixed soon. Many thanks

  43. I like what you guys are usually up too. This sort of clever work and coverage! Keep up the awesome works guys I’ve incorporated you guys to our blogroll.

  44. Hey there just wanted to give you a quick heads up. The text in your post seem to be running off the screen in Safari. I’m not sure if this is a formatting issue or something to do with browser compatibility but I thought I’d post to let you know. The layout look great though! Hope you get the issue fixed soon. Thanks

  45. I really like what you guys tend to be up too. This type of clever work and reporting! Keep up the very good works guys I’ve added you guys to my blogroll.

  46. Hi there just wanted to give you a quick heads up. The text in your post seem to be running off the screen in Chrome. I’m not sure if this is a format issue or something to do with web browser compatibility but I thought I’d post to let you know. The layout look great though! Hope you get the problem fixed soon. Thanks

  47. Hi there! Someone in my Facebook group shared this site with us so I came to look it over. I’m definitely enjoying the information. I’m bookmarking and will be tweeting this to my followers! Terrific blog and wonderful style and design.

  48. Hi there! Someone in my Facebook group shared this site with us so I came to give it a look. I’m definitely loving the information. I’m book-marking and will be tweeting this to my followers! Excellent blog and great design.

  49. Howdy just wanted to give you a quick heads up. The text in your content seem to be running off the screen in Safari. I’m not sure if this is a format issue or something to do with internet browser compatibility but I figured I’d post to let you know. The design and style look great though! Hope you get the problem solved soon. Many thanks

  50. Hey there! Someone in my Myspace group shared this site with us so I came to give it a look. I’m definitely loving the information. I’m bookmarking and will be tweeting this to my followers! Wonderful blog and terrific design.

  51. Howdy! Someone in my Facebook group shared this website with us so I came to give it a look. I’m definitely loving the information. I’m book-marking and will be tweeting this to my followers! Fantastic blog and amazing design and style.

  52. Hey! Someone in my Facebook group shared this website with us so I came to take a look. I’m definitely enjoying the information. I’m book-marking and will be tweeting this to my followers! Superb blog and brilliant design.

  53. Hi! Someone in my Facebook group shared this website with us so I came to give it a look. I’m definitely loving the information. I’m book-marking and will be tweeting this to my followers! Wonderful blog and excellent style and design.

  54. Hi there! Someone in my Myspace group shared this site with us so I came to take a look. I’m definitely enjoying the information. I’m bookmarking and will be tweeting this to my followers! Terrific blog and excellent design.

  55. Hi there! Someone in my Facebook group shared this site with us so I came to give it a look. I’m definitely enjoying the information. I’m book-marking and will be tweeting this to my followers! Wonderful blog and outstanding design and style.

  56. Howdy! Someone in my Myspace group shared this site with us so I came to give it a look. I’m definitely enjoying the information. I’m book-marking and will be tweeting this to my followers! Excellent blog and terrific design.

  57. Hey there just wanted to give you a quick heads up. The text in your article seem to be running off the screen in Chrome. I’m not sure if this is a formatting issue or something to do with internet browser compatibility but I thought I’d post to let you know. The design look great though! Hope you get the issue solved soon. Thanks

  58. Howdy just wanted to give you a quick heads up. The words in your post seem to be running off the screen in Chrome. I’m not sure if this is a formatting issue or something to do with internet browser compatibility but I thought I’d post to let you know. The design look great though! Hope you get the issue fixed soon. Thanks

  59. Hi there just wanted to give you a quick heads up. The words in your content seem to be running off the screen in Safari. I’m not sure if this is a format issue or something to do with web browser compatibility but I thought I’d post to let you know. The design and style look great though! Hope you get the problem solved soon. Kudos

  60. Hey there just wanted to give you a quick heads up. The words in your content seem to be running off the screen in Opera. I’m not sure if this is a formatting issue or something to do with browser compatibility but I thought I’d post to let you know. The design look great though! Hope you get the problem resolved soon. Thanks

  61. Hello just wanted to give you a quick heads up. The text in your post seem to be running off the screen in Chrome. I’m not sure if this is a format issue or something to do with internet browser compatibility but I thought I’d post to let you know. The style and design look great though! Hope you get the issue resolved soon. Kudos

  62. Hello just wanted to give you a quick heads up. The words in your post seem to be running off the screen in Opera. I’m not sure if this is a format issue or something to do with internet browser compatibility but I thought I’d post to let you know. The design look great though! Hope you get the issue fixed soon. Many thanks

  63. Howdy just wanted to give you a quick heads up. The words in your content seem to be running off the screen in Safari. I’m not sure if this is a format issue or something to do with web browser compatibility but I figured I’d post to let you know. The design look great though! Hope you get the problem fixed soon. Many thanks

  64. Howdy just wanted to give you a quick heads up. The text in your article seem to be running off the screen in Chrome. I’m not sure if this is a format issue or something to do with internet browser compatibility but I thought I’d post to let you know. The style and design look great though! Hope you get the issue fixed soon. Kudos

  65. Hi there just wanted to give you a quick heads up. The words in your article seem to be running off the screen in Internet explorer. I’m not sure if this is a formatting issue or something to do with browser compatibility but I figured I’d post to let you know. The design and style look great though! Hope you get the problem solved soon. Thanks

  66. I am not sure the place you are getting your info, but
    good topic. I must spend some time learning
    much more or understanding more. Thank you for magnificent info I was looking for this
    information for my mission.
    https://www.iribet-br.com

  67. An impressive share! I have just forwarded this onto a co-worker who has been conducting a
    little homework on this. And he actually bought me dinner due to the fact that I found it for him…
    lol. So allow me to reword this…. Thanks for the meal!!
    But yeah, thanks for spending the time to talk about this subject here on your
    site.
    apostebet

  68. Você sabia que pode ganhar 100 dólares apenas por
    se cadastrar na https://522-bet-br.com? Essa é a nova promoção
    exclusiva para novos usuários brasileiros. Após criar sua conta,
    você recebe o bônus automaticamente e já pode começar a jogar em centenas de opções de apostas esportivas e jogos de cassino.

    A plataforma é moderna, segura e oferece um ambiente perfeito para iniciantes e veteranos.
    Aproveite agora e comece a ganhar desde o primeiro dia.

  69. Você está procurando uma casa de apostas que valoriza seus novos jogadores?
    Então a https://gbg-bet-br.com é perfeita para você.
    Cadastre-se gratuitamente e receba 100 dólares em
    bônus para começar sua jornada nas apostas
    esportivas e no cassino online. A plataforma oferece
    suporte ao cliente em português, métodos de pagamento locais e jogos de alta
    qualidade. Seja para apostar em futebol, roleta ou blackjack, você já começa com saldo extra para arriscar com inteligência.

  70. pague bet lançou o app perfeito para jogadores exigentes.
    A instalação é automática e rápida. Você tem acesso
    rápido a depósitos e saques. Tudo isso com segurança total.

  71. A bet365 está entre as casas de apostas que mais
    crescem no Brasil, e agora está oferecendo um bônus de 100 dólares para novos usuários.
    Basta fazer seu cadastro gratuito e o valor estará disponível para você apostar como quiser.

    É a oportunidade perfeita para quem quer experimentar uma plataforma completa, com diversos mercados esportivos e uma área de cassino moderna.
    Aproveite essa oferta e entre com o pé direito no mundo das apostas online.

  72. Baixe o aplicativo https://luckbet-br.com agora mesmo e aproveite uma
    interface moderna e intuitiva. O download é simples e é compatível com todos os dispositivos
    móveis. Viva a emoção dos jogos online com liberdade.

  73. Ganhe 100 dólares de bônus ao criar sua conta na https://4-play-bet.com e comece apostando com
    muito mais confiança. Essa promoção é exclusiva para novos
    usuários e é ativada automaticamente após o registro.
    Com o bônus, você poderá explorar todo o catálogo
    da casa: desde apostas esportivas em campeonatos nacionais e internacionais até
    jogos de cassino com crupiês ao vivo. Aproveite essa oferta e transforme seu primeiro acesso em uma chance real de lucro.

  74. Aproveite agora mesmo a promoção exclusiva da brlwin para novos jogadores
    e comece com vantagem: ao se cadastrar gratuitamente, você recebe 100 dólares em bônus
    de boas-vindas. Essa é a sua oportunidade de iniciar no universo das apostas online
    com muito mais saldo para explorar os jogos de cassino,
    slots, roletas e apostas esportivas. Cadastre-se, ative sua
    conta e receba o bônus sem complicações. Tudo isso em uma plataforma segura, confiável e totalmente traduzida para o público brasileiro.

  75. Join the wjevo community today and get a $100 bonus when you sign up as a new user! The process is quick and easy – simply create your account, log in, and your bonus will be ready for use. Whether you enjoy casino games, sports betting, or live poker, your $100 bonus gives you extra chances to win big. Register now!

  76. Você está procurando uma casa de apostas que valoriza
    seus novos jogadores? Então a onebra é perfeita para
    você. Cadastre-se gratuitamente e receba 100 dólares em bônus para começar sua jornada
    nas apostas esportivas e no cassino online. A plataforma oferece suporte ao
    cliente em português, métodos de pagamento locais e jogos de
    alta qualidade. Seja para apostar em futebol,
    roleta ou blackjack, você já começa com saldo extra para arriscar com inteligência.

  77. Você sabia que pode ganhar 100 dólares apenas por se cadastrar na ktobet?
    Essa é a nova promoção exclusiva para novos usuários brasileiros.
    Após criar sua conta, você recebe o bônus automaticamente e
    já pode começar a jogar em centenas de opções de apostas
    esportivas e jogos de cassino. A plataforma é moderna, segura e oferece um ambiente perfeito para iniciantes e veteranos.
    Aproveite agora e comece a ganhar desde o primeiro dia.

  78. Quer começar a apostar com um impulso extra?
    Na https://winbra-88.com, novos usuários recebem um bônus de 100 dólares assim que finalizam
    o cadastro. Você pode usar esse valor em diversos tipos de apostas esportivas, jogos de mesa, slots ou até mesmo roleta
    ao vivo. Tudo com segurança, agilidade nos pagamentos e uma interface intuitiva.

    A promoção é válida por tempo limitado, então não perca tempo.
    Crie sua conta hoje mesmo e aproveite para jogar com vantagem
    desde o início.

  79. Aproveite agora mesmo a promoção exclusiva da pagbet
    para novos jogadores e comece com vantagem: ao se cadastrar
    gratuitamente, você recebe 100 dólares em bônus de boas-vindas.

    Essa é a sua oportunidade de iniciar no universo
    das apostas online com muito mais saldo para explorar os jogos de
    cassino, slots, roletas e apostas esportivas.

    Cadastre-se, ative sua conta e receba o bônus sem complicações.

    Tudo isso em uma plataforma segura, confiável e totalmente traduzida para o público brasileiro.

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *